An understanding of computer operating systems and processors helps when discussing the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit drivers. A computer operating system is the master program that runs all the programs on the computer and manages memory, devices, display, and files. The bit count indicates the computer’s data processing and memory capacity and speed of operation. 64-bit operating systems have a much higher capacity for data processing and memory access than 32-bit systems.
32-bit operating systems can only access physical memory (RAM) up to 4 GB (gigabyte), whereas 64-bit operating systems can access up to 1000 GB RAM, enabling them to run more powerful graphics and sound intensive programs. Windows Vista and Windows XP are both operating systems. The processor, or central processing unit (CPU), is an electronic circuit inside the computer that runs computer programs, which are basically instructions. Intel Pentium 4 is a processor. The operating system and the processor together run the computer and affect the speed of programs and processes.
Older 32-bit operating systems and smaller capacity processors will run more slowly than newer 64-bit operating systems running with higher capacity processors, and won’t have the capabilities to run newer bigger programs. To determine the operating system bit count of a Windows Vista computer, view the system window in control panel; for a Windows XP computer, click Start, Run, and type in winmsd.exe to view the system summary – if it refers to x86 for processor, it’s a 32-bit system; if it refers to ia64 or AMD64 for processor, it’s a 64-bit system.
Device drivers run hardware and software devices to make peripherals and programs work on computers. Drivers may interface with printers, digital cameras, scanners, and video adapters, as well as many other devices and programs. Device and software drivers may be designed to run on either 32-bit or 64-bit operating systems. 32-bit drivers can be run on 64-bit processors, but 64-bit drivers generally can’t be run on 32-bit processors. Trying to run an older, slower driver in a faster, high capacity operating system may cause operational problems. Drivers should be updated regularly when available for optimum system and program performance, and updates are available on manufacturer’s web sites for download.
A 32-bit driver is a driver written for a 32-bit operating system, often Windows 95/98, Windows XP, or Windows NT. A 64-bit driver is a driver written for a 64-bit operating system, generally Windows Vista. All devices need 64-bit drivers to run in 64-bit operating systems since 32-bit drivers do not work on computers running 64-bit operating systems. An older device with 32-bit drivers won’t work in a 64-bit operating system. Users can find out if there is a 64-bit driver for the device they have at the Windows Vista Compatibility Center http://www.microsoft.com/windows/compatibility/.
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